八问2015年米兰世博会中国馆主持建筑师陆轶辰
来源:古德设计网 时间:2015-05-25 11:01:08 [报告错误] [收藏] [打印]
【记者】项目在建成过程中,是否有没有完全达到您的要求的遗憾,其中有什么样的故事吗?
During the final completion of the project, was there any regret for you that it didn’t reach your expectations? Any stories of it?
【陆轶辰】 最遗憾的就是时间。一个项目要有很好的完成度,有三个重要的基础:设计、时间、造价。这个项目最大的特点就是它从定总包到建设完成,只有7个月的时间。建筑师是个很辛苦的职业,造价不够、时间不够,最后被妥协的往往都是设计--但在这里,我们可以这么说,整个建筑在设计层面上几乎没有任何妥协,都坚持住了。
到了最后赶进度的时候,建筑、结构、屋面、室内、机电、展陈都是同时进场,交叉施工。4000平米的建筑,120多工人(大多数是意大利人)。我和蔡沁文满场跑,控制一些对整体质量有影响的细节,我们俩有语言优势,意大利人也信服我们,很多情况下经过沟通之后他们就理解我们,帮我们修改了。到了施工的最后几天,任何施工的差错发生了就不能再调整,这个时候我们要做的就是预判问题,在意大利工人犯错之前就过去纠正,很解决问题。
【蔡沁文】 没百分之百达到预期的遗憾肯定有。要让建筑所有的细节都达到预期,图纸上的细节永远都不够,肯定要再多付出一些确保最终的质量。这就是我们为什么一呆几个月。基本上建筑师的思维方式是习惯了一遍一遍找最好的做法,施工方则因为工期和造价的压力倾向于简化,双方会为了一个细节怎么做而争执。这种情况下最好建筑师有工程层面的解决方法;如果不是你的专业范畴你没有解决办法,那就要明确的沟通想要什么,不想要什么。建筑师和施工方这种带张力的合作是行业的特点。我很欣慰的看到我们和我们的“对手”彼此尊重,有时候还互相帮助,往往能找到彼此都能接受的解决办法。
【陆轶辰】 到开馆的前一个月,我们真的是入魔了,沉在细节里不肯出来,不满足。直到开馆那天,看到那么多游客在中国馆里,突然一下子如释负重了,我们的注意力被吸引到了人们怎么用这个房子上去了。
【陆轶辰】 The biggest regret is time. For one project to reach a good level of completion, there are three fundamental things: design, schedule and budget. The characteristic thing of the project is that it only had seven months between the appointment of the general contractor and the final completion. It’s a hard job to be an architect; when there isn’t enough budget or time, the design is always what’s being compromised. But here, we can say this, there’s almost no compromise in the architectural design. We held up everything.
When it was getting close to the deadline, the workers of architecture, structure, roof, interior, mechanical and exhibition were all working at the same time. There were 120 workers (most of them were Italian) working in the building of 4,000 square meters. My colleague Qinwen and I were running across the site to control the details that actually had greater impact on the overall quality. We had language advantage and somehow the trust from the Italians. In many cases they understood us and would correct the errors for us. But during the last a few days, none of the errors could be corrected. At that time what we had to do was to foresee the possible mistake and point it out before the workers made it. It was effective.
【蔡沁文】 There were definitely some regrets. Basically architects are used to doing something over and over to find the best way while most contractors tend to simplify things because of the pressure of schedule and cost, so often there would be a disagreement about how to make one single detail. The best thing is that the architect has a solution; if you don’t have it because it’s not your expertise, it’s important to clearly communicate what you want and what you don’t. The tension between the architect and the contractor is always one of the characters of this profession. Gladly in most cases our ‘opponents’ and us respected even helped each other to find the solutions both could accept.
【陆轶辰】 One month before the opening of the pavilion, we were obsessed in all the detail problems and still unsatisfied. On the opening day, we were suddenly released when we saw that many visitors inside the China pavilion because we were attracted by how people would use the building.
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