3月23日，世界绿色建筑协会（World Green Building Council）发文刊登中国绿色建筑在应对新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）的贡献，文章指出绿色建筑是中国建筑科技发展过程中的重要里程碑，肯定了中国建研院牵头主编、科源股份参编的《绿色建筑评价标准》GB/T 50378-2019在疫情防控中的积极作用。

　　原文如下

　　The contribution of green buildings in the fight against COVID-19

　　An analysis by China Green Building Council

　　December 2019 saw an outbreak of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) which has now spread widely around the world.

　　Prevention and control are key elements when facing major public health emergencies. To contain the epidemic, the areas for residents' activities are restricted to communities and remaining indoors. Therefore, as a gathering base for most people, buildings now play a significant role in preventing and controlling the COVID-19 virus. Community and building-based prevention and control measures have become one of the most important methods of fighting against the epidemic. These include self-isolation, community management, elevator disinfection, environmental cleaning, open windows for natural ventilation, etc.

　　Green building is a milestone in the building technology development process in China. The latest national standard of China for green building assessment is Assessment Standard for Green Building (GB/T 50378-2019) (hereinafter referred to as ASGB), which was issued in March 2019. ASGB adheres to the technical route of people-oriented, performance-based and quality-improved, while aiming at implementing the concept of green development and expanding the connotation of green buildings. GB/T 50378-2019 absorbs new technologies and new concepts in the development of building technology and takes into account the safety, durability, health, liveability and accessibility for occupants of all ages.

　　The criteria for green buildings, as outlined in ASGB certification, are beneficial to the COVID-19 prevention and control. The positive effects of green buildings in the COVID-19 prevention and control can be summarised into five pillars:

　　1. Providing the basic functions for epidemic prevention and control

　　The requirements of ASGB that contribute to COVID-19 prevention and control: for the occupants, include natural ventilation, indoor disinfection and cleaning and avoiding gathering; for property management, include waste management, information publicity, information management, air quality and water quality monitoring, stable operation of building equipment and skills in responding to the epidemic.

　　2. Providing convenience and facilities for epidemic prevention and control

　　Providing convenience and facilities for epidemic prevention and control are the basic guarantee for the orderly progress in epidemic prevention and control. The requirements include: enable buildings occupants and site workers to provide quick access to medical equipment and facilities; effective personnel and vehicle control; providing conditions to add relevant signs to alert people; changing the room function when necessary (medical rooms, transitional residential rooms, isolation and observation rooms, supplies storage rooms, etc.)

　　3. Reducing the risk of infection and preventing cross infection

　　In addition to providing the basic functions and convenient conditions for epidemic prevention and control, the building itself should also “isolate” the virus as much as possible to reduce the risk of infection. The requirements of ASGB in this regard include: controlling the collusion of air and pollutants; controlling the exhaust backflow of kitchens and bathrooms; setting up effective water seals to reduce the risk of virus transmission through drainage pipes and stools; controlling the concentration of indoor particulate matter; optimising the building space and plane layout to enhance the effectiveness of natural ventilation; controlling air conditioning system by zones; well-designed site wind environment for dissipation of viruses and harmful gases.

　　4. Promoting and protecting the health of occupants

　　Currently there is no specific antiviral drug against the novel coronavirus. COVID-19 is actually a self-limiting disease, which mainly depends on the body's immunity. ASGB regulates water quality, air quality, fitness and antibacterial function building materials to promote occupant’s health in order to reduce the risk of getting disease and enhance the ability of resisting viruses. The requirements in this area include: the concentration of indoor air pollutants such as ammonia, formaldehyde, benzene, total volatile organic compounds, radon, PM2.5 and PM10 shall be controlled; moisture condensation shall not appear on the inner surface to avoid the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as mould; smoking shall be prohibited in the building; water safety should be ensured; setting sports and fitness venues to promote physical movement; using green building material with antibacterial function.

　　5. Stabilize work and living environment during the epidemic prevention and control

　　During the period of the epidemic, maintaining a stable work and living environment is essential for prevention and control. The requirements of ASGB in this area include: ensure occupants' health from water quality; providing convenient public service facilities (supermarkets, vegetable markets, hospitals and other public service facilities).

　　When facing COVID-19, ASGB plays an active role in providing a basic guarantee and convenient conditions for COVID-19 prevention and control which is beneficial to the victory against COVID-19.

　　With the development of building technologies in China, buildings start to emphasise their health performance. Assessment Standard for Healthy Building (T/ASC02-2016) was issued in 2016 which specifically focuses on the health performance of building. It is thought that as a result of COVID-19 more attention should be paid to the health performance of buildings, in order to make a greater contribution to the response to major public health emergencies in the future.

　　文中归纳《绿色建筑评价标准》GB/T 50378-2019指导绿色建筑实践，从五方面促进新冠肺炎的防控：具备疫情防控的基础功能；提供疫情防控工作开展的便利条件；助于降低感染风险和预防交叉感染；促进和保障建筑使用者身体健康；稳定疫情防控期间生产生活环境。

　　译文如下

　　2019年12月，新型冠状病毒肺炎（COVID-19）爆发，并在世界范围广泛传播。

　　面对突发重大公共卫生事件时，疫情防控是关键环节。为了遏制疫情扩散，居民活动范围大多集中在社区和建筑内。因此，作为人员“聚集”最多的场所，建筑在COVID-19的防控中尤为重要。基于社区和建筑的防控措施成为抗击疫情的重要保障条件之一。这些措施包括居家观察、社区管理、电梯消毒、环境清洁、自然通风等。

　　绿色建筑是中国建筑技术发展过程中的重要里程碑。国家标准《绿色建筑评价标准》（GB / T 50378-2019）（以下简称《标准》）于2019年3月发布。《标准》秉承“以人为本，强调性能，提高质量”的技术路线，贯彻绿色发展理念，拓展绿色建筑内涵，吸收建筑科技发展的新技术和新理念，并考虑了建筑的安全、耐久、健康、宜居、全龄友好等内容。

　　《标准》在COVID-19的防控中具有积极的促进作用，可归纳为五个方面：

　　1.具备疫情防控的基础功能

　　《标准》利于COVID-19防控的相关要求有：对于建筑使用者，相关措施有建筑通风、室内清洁与消毒、避免聚集等；在物业管理方面，相关措施有垃圾管理、信息发布、信息管理、空气质量和水质监测、建筑设备的稳定运行以及应对疫情的能力。

　　2. 提供疫情防控工作开展的便利条件

　　提供便利条件是疫情防控工作有序开展的基础保障。要求包括：建筑及建筑场地为疫情防控提供医疗设备设施的快速接入；人员与车辆有效管控；具有新增相关标识的条件；建筑房间在必要时进行功能转换（医疗用房、过渡性居住用房、隔离观察用房、物资储备用房等）。

　　3. 具有降低感染风险和预防交叉感染的作用

　　除了为疫情防控提供所需的基础功能和便利条件外，建筑本身还应最大程度的“隔绝”致病病毒，降低建筑使用者感染风险。《标准》在这方面的要求包括：控制空气和污染物的串通；控制厨房、卫生间的排气倒灌；设置有效的水封，降低病毒通过排水管道和粪便传播的风险；控制室内颗粒物的浓度；优化建筑空间和平面布局，以强化自然通风效果；空调系统分区控制；营造良好的场地风环境，利于病毒和有害气体扩散。

　　4. 促进和保障建筑使用者身体健康

　　目前，尚缺乏针对新型冠状病毒的特效抗病毒药物。COVID-19实际上是一种自限性疾病，主要依赖机体免疫力与疾病抗衡。《标准》在水质、空气品质、健身、抑菌功能建材等促进身体健康方面进行规定，以降低建筑使用者患病风险，提高抵抗病毒的能力。相关要求包括：控制室内空气污染物（如氨、甲醛、苯、总挥发性有机物、氡、PM2.5、PM10等）的浓度；建筑内表面不得结露，以避免霉菌等致病细菌的滋生；建筑内严禁吸烟；确保用水安全；设置运动和健身场地以促进运动；使用具有抗菌功能的绿色建材。

　　5. 稳定疫情防控期间生产生活环境

　　疫情防控期间，维护稳定的生产、生活环境对于疫情防控工作开展至关重要。《标准》在这方面的要求包括：在用水水质方面保障人们身体健康；提供便利的公共服务设施（超市、蔬菜市场、医院和其他公共服务设施等）。面对COVID-19疫情，《标准》可以提供积极的疫情防控条件，对抗击COVID-19取得最终胜利起到积极作用。

　　随着中国建筑科技的发展，建筑开始强调健康属性。《健康建筑评价标准》（T/ASC02-2016）是专门关注建筑健康性能的标准。COVID-19疫情之后，应更加注重建筑的健康性能，以在未来应对重大公共卫生事件中发挥更大的贡献。

　　科源股份凭借雄厚的专业技术和人才团队优势，近年来共参与了30余项国家、地方以及行业标准和规范的编制工作，今后将持续开展相关建筑技术研究、标准编制等工作，助力行业发展，以在未来应对重大公共卫生事件中发挥更大的贡献。